Patient Positioning Factors That Improve Imaging and Therapy Success, Part 2: Patient Comfort and Safety

This is Part 2 of a 3-part series on patient positioning factors that improve imaging and therapy success. Part 1 discussed how patient positioning impacts image quality. In Part 2, we’ll detail how patient positioning influences comfort and safety. 

Successful therapy depends not only on medical outcomes but also on the patient experience. Comfort and safety are integral to positive patient experiences, which in turn drive better results for hospitals. Here are ways patient positioning – in particular, your choice of positioning aids – influences comfort and safety to optimize imaging and therapy.

Radiolucency

Part 1 of this series discussed how radiolucency promotes image quality. The lower the attenuation, the better X-rays can pass through, resulting in clear images. 

The same concept applies to patient safety: the lower the attenuation, the lower the radiation dose required to achieve clear images. That means less radiation per sequence and less likelihood of re-imaging that exposes patients to more radiation. 

Patient positioning aids made from radiolucent materials are safer for patients, especially pediatric patients, because they reduce overall radiation exposure. 

For example, one type of memory foam has a 2.4% attenuation at 120 kVp (kilovoltage peak, which refers to X-ray strength). Open-cell foam has a 1.9% attenuation at 60 kVp. In this comparison, open-cell foam can provide better attenuation than memory foam at half the radiation dose.

That isn’t to say memory foam is a poor choice; it features low attention and is commonly used in patient positioning aids. Rather, it’s simply to illustrate how material selection plays a role in radiation dosage and patient safety.

Design

Good product design leads to better patient experiences. Products designed with contours for more natural, even neutral, positioning are more comfortable (for example, arm boards that cradle patients’ arms rather than allow them to dangle off the table). 

Human factors in design – ergonomics and padding – can help prevent:

• Pressure injuries
• Nerve damage
• Restricting respiratory or circulatory function
• Skin shearing and tearing
• Collisions with detection equipment 

That’s significant, considering that surgical departments account for 42% of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, and it can cost $3,000 to $30,000 to treat a single pressure ulcer (AORN, Outpatient Surgery Magazine). 

Materials

Patient positioning aids that stack layered materials enhance patient comfort, safety and efficiency. For example, a positioning aid might have multiple layers of foam, a rigid structural component, a non-slip backing and a durable, comfortable fabric cover.

Good fabrics are moisture-wicking, breathable and antimicrobial, often offering 2-way or 4-way stretch and recovery. High-quality fabrics reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections and shearing or tearing sensitive skin, especially for immune-compromised patients prone to skin conditions and infections. 

Here’s how a patient positioning pad might be designed with layered materials:

Collectively, these materials offer patients the support and comfort they need while allowing X-rays and other imaging to pass through with lower radiation doses, resulting in safer, clearer images. 

Accessories

Additional accessories can enhance patient comfort and safety, yielding better imaging and improved outcomes. 

For example, straps keep patients safely and comfortably stationary, while table extenders provide stability for a variety of procedures. Bariatric extenders accommodate larger patients to reduce fall risk.

Rail extenders with quick-change accessories keep patients safe by enabling caregivers to instantly switch from a minimally invasive procedure to an open procedure that requires retractors, such as an abdominal aortic aneurysm procedure. 

Carbon fiber arm boards can pivot to keep patients comfortable and allow imaging and caregiver access, while a Mayfield/DORO Adapter for skull fixation stabilizes the head during imaging. Knee bolsters relieve lower back pressure, helping patients remain comfortable and still to yield better images.

Next steps

Read Part 3 of this series to see how patient positioning can foster efficiency and accessibility.